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Activox® is a hydrometallurgical process used to oxidise sulphide concentrates. The process is based on two relatively simple, established unit operations; i.e. fine or ultra-fine milling (UFM) and pressure oxidation under mild conditions. An under-standing of, and ability to control the pulp chemistry during oxidation has resulted in the successful Activox® treatment ( …
The BIOX ® process for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates has been in commercial operation for 35 years following the commissioning of the first commercial installation at the Fairview Gold Mine in 1986. The process has been proven to operate successfully over a wide range of concentrate feed grades and mineralogies, climatic …
In this study, we conducted experiments to characterize the effects on gold extraction of ores using a range of sodium cyanide concentrations (1–8 g/L), temperatures (40–75 °C), and oxygen ...
Refractory Gold Technology Sherritt's Refractory Gold Technology is used to recover gold from refractory sulphide feedstocks. Many gold ores and concentrates contain fine grained gold locked within sulphide minerals, such as pyrite and/or arsenopyrite, unavailable for recovery by conventional leaching. In Sherritt's gold process, the ...
ABSTRACT. This review presents an updated data on various technologies for the processing of refractory gold-bearing sulfide concentrates. It primarily focuses on the hydrometallurgical treatment for sulfide mineral oxidation and gold extraction, including the use of bacteria, pressure oxidation, ultrafine grinding, and the Albion Process TM.The main operating plants that use ...
In the gold industry, it competes with roasting and pressure oxidation in the treatment of refractory gold-sulphide concentrates (Mahajan et al., 2017). Refractory gold ores are those which yield less than 80% metal extraction during direct cyanidation (Ciminelli, 2005). Mostly, refractoriness is ascribed to gold particles being locked in a non ...
Problem with gold recovery from sulphide ore: How may a mill get the maximum recovery of gold from a sulphide ore, at the least capital cost and at the same time obtain the highest net return.This latter point is most important. In many cases a gold mill using an all-cyanide flowsheet with fine grinding of all the ore will report very low gold content in the …
The pyrite contains 43.36% Fe and 41.26% S. The occurrence of gold in the different phases of the sulfide refractory gold ore is shown in Fig. 2, which indicates that 93.94% Au is encapsulated, especially, sulfide-encapsulated gold up to 80.85%. The X-ray …
The past years have confirmed that Biooxidation is a viable technology which is used commercially to treat certain refractory sulfide gold concentrates. There are several processes applied to achieve the oxidation of the sulfidic compounds. ... Biooxidation of sulfidic refractory gold ores Rupert Kirchner, BSc Paper conducted in November 2015 ...
Gold recovery from arsenopyrite carbon-containing concentrates obtained by ore flotation concentration has been studied. The breakdown of concentrates was carried out with HNO3 (1·5–3 mol/l) at 80–...
The BIOX ® process for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates has been in commercial operation for 35 years following the commissioning of the first commercial …
2.1. Preparation and Analysis Of Sulfide Ore Concentrate and e-Waste. Sulfidic gold ore concentrate was sourced from a gold mine in Western Australia and had a particle size with a P80 (i.e., 80% of mass passing) of 120 µm. The gold ore concentrate was sterilized by autoclaving before leaching experiments (121 °C for 20 min).
Recovery of gold from sulfide refractory gold ore: Oxidation roasting pretreatment and gold extraction ... Sequential pretreatment of double refractory gold ore (DRGO) with a thermophilic iron oxidizing archeaon and fungal crude enzymes, Minerals Engineering, № 138, с. 86 ... characteristics of acid leaching residue produced in low ...
In this regard, nitric acid can be also used to readily destroy the gold-bearing phases such as pyrite and arsenopyrite and recalcitrant silver sulphides in refractory gold and silver ores ...
As a result, a gold extraction rate of 80.2% was achieved for this refractory sulfide gold ore without the addition of chemical thiosulfate. This innovative technology is of high academic and industrial interest, addressing the high thiosulfate consumption and promoting the industrialization of green gold extraction from refractory sulfide gold ...
This review presents an updated data on various technologies for the processing of refractory gold-bearing sulfide concentrates. It primarily focuses on the hydrometallurgical treatment for ...
In the gold industry, it competes with roasting and pressure oxidation in the treatment of refractory gold-sulphide concentrates (Mahajan et al., 2017). Refractory gold ores are those which yield less than 80% metal extraction during …
Most gold deposits occur associated with sulphides like pyrite and arsenopyrite; thus, precious metal dissolution is possible by oxidizing auriferous sulfide concentrate using simultaneous ...
This shows that the ore is a sulfide refractory gold ore (Saba et al., 2011). 65 Chloride–hypochlorite oxidation and leaching of refractory sulfide gold concentrate Fig. 3. Particles size analysis of gold concentrate Fig. 4. XRD analysis of gold concentrate obtained by flotation Table 1.
refractory gold ores or concentrates. Further discussed are the limiting factors in relation to dissolved oxygen during bio-oxidation of refractory gold ores. This review demonstrates that oxygen availability is a major challenge and therefore, oxygen ... kinetics of refractory sulphide gold ores (Dufresne et al., 1994; Deschênes et al., 2003 ...
Abstract—The processes occurring during autoclave oxidation leaching of refractory sulfide gold ore concentrates are discussed. As a result of them, hard-to-remove deposits (crust), which decrease the productivity of the equipment, form on all internal surfaces of autoclaves. The phase composition of the deposits is shown to change from section to section …
[Show full abstract] performed at 20%-w/w of solid (500 gram of refractory sulfide gold ore concentrate) in a 2.5-liter glass reactor with aeration and stirred at 250 rpm. Leach solutions were ...
The use of thiosulfate to extract gold from refractory ores is promising because of its non-toxicity and high selectivity. Sulfide minerals (i.e., pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite), …
The company owning the refractory gold sulphide ore also operates a processing plant approximately 110 km northwest of its refractory gold sulphide ore deposit. A strategic decision has been made to mine the ore and haul this to the current operational site for processing. The ore will then be crushed, milled and a concentrate made by flotation.
This shows that the ore is a sulfide refractory gold ore (Saba et al., 2011). Chloride–hypochlorite oxidation and leaching of refractory sulfide gold concentrate 65 Fig. 3. Particles size analysis
In sulphidic refractory gold ores, fine gold particles may be highly disseminated and locked up in sulphide minerals such as pyrite and arsenopyrite [1]. All largely unoxidised ores exhibit very low gold recoveries (typically <20%) by direct cyanidation. ... Bulk flotation tests were directed at maximizing gold recovery in a bulk sulphide ...
ABSTRACT. This review presents an updated data on various technologies for the processing of refractory gold-bearing sulfide concentrates. It primarily focuses on the hydrometallurgical …
The effect of bio-oxidation and neutral atmospheric oxidation pre-treatment of refractory gold concentrates on gold and silver extraction during cyanidation was …
The gold is particulate within arsenopyrite grains. The RGO ore is a complex refractory gold ore. Whilst flotation and concentrate roasting, pressure oxidation (POX), and bacterial leaching (BIOX) were all studied the environmental regulators would not agree to chemically changing the arsenopyrite containing the gold.
Low-grade refractory sulphide gold ores exist in which the gold values are too low to economically justify the use of pre-concentration processes. The pre-concentration process (usually flotation) is followed by the oxidation of the sulphidic concentrate to render the gold amenable to a subsequent cyanide leach. Oxidation processes that have ...