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Thermoelectric (TE) n-type bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3) films and p-type antimony telluride (Sb 2 Te 3) films are grown on SiO 2 /Si substrates via radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The crystal structures and TE properties are characterized for 1 µm and 10 µm films deposited using different deposition conditions and using various heat treatment conditions.
The lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled reactor is one of the primary types of fourth-generation nuclear reactors [1]. This reactor design holds significant potential for applications in marine nuclear power, portable power supply, cogeneration in remote areas, and seawater desalination, owing to its favourable neutron economy, excellent heat transfer …
SEM fracture cross-section of a ceramic film (bismuth vanadate) produced by means of aerosol deposition (AD). The AD film (less dark area on the top) is dense and exhibits excellent bonding to the ...
Bismuth telluride films are deposited via single-target sputtering for a range of substrate temperatures between 25°C and 350°C. The target thickness for these depositions …
Bismuth deposition was determined to be quasi-reversible on Au, with a current efficiency of , based on integration of deposition and stripping voltammetric waves. ... and 2.0cm in length, a cross-section of a 1.0mm diameter gold wire sealed in epoxy, and a cross-section of a 0.8mm diameter tungsten wire sealed in glass. The gold wire and ...
In recent years, the PVD deposition of bismuth have been intensively studied (Figure 4a–g) [21,32,61,63]; aside from regular thin film, some other non-trivial products such …
Deposition was achieved on the cathode at applied field strengths of 5–25 V mm −1 using a total solids loading of 0.5–2 g L −1 at ambient temperature and pressure. The deposition mechanism of Bi 2 O 3 coatings was firstly given, and deposition kinetics were investigated in detail. The deposits were characterized qualitatively by field ...
The novelty of this study lies in the different sedimentation bases used to prepare bismuth oxide in a variety of nano sizes, and their effects on the granular size of bismuth oxide nanoparticles that are examined by means of X-ray diffraction, surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, EDX spectroscopy, and optical properties.
Bismuth deposition was determined to be quasi-reversible on Au, with a current efficiency of , based on integration of deposition and stripping voltammetric waves. No …
In-situ deposition owns great advantage for that the co-deposition of Bi 3+ and Cd 2+ can enhance the enrichment of Cd 2+ by forming Bi-Cd alloy, thus improving the detection sensitivity 23. Besides, in-situ deposition is easy handling and time-saving, avoids the risk of degradation and uneven distribution of modified bismuth 24.
Accurate measurement of the 209 Bi(n,γ) 210g Bi reaction cross section is very important for assessing the risk of radioactive polonium release from a lead-bismuth reactor. At present, the reaction cross section can be measured online by directly measuring the cascade of transient gamma rays of the capture reaction or offline by measuring the ...
Section snippets Experimental. Solutions were prepared with high purity reagents and twice-distilled water. All bismuth solutions consisted of 0.1 mM Bi(NO 3) 3 ·5H 2 O, and using 0.1 M HClO 4 as a supporting electrolyte, pH 1.5. Tellurium solutions were all 0.1 mM in TeO 2, and also used 0.1 M HClO 4 as a supporting electrolyte. The pH 8.5 Te solution was …
It is desired to separate bismuth, copper, and silver in a solution that is 0.0601 M B10+,0.122 M Cu2+, 0.0926 M Ag+, and 0.500 M HCIO4 by controlled-potential electrolysis.
Homogeneous and crack-free Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 thin films with strong (111) orientation were successfully prepared on n-type Si (100) substrates by chemical solution deposition. Bismuth nitrate and titanium butoxide were used as starting materials. The crystallization temperature is relatively low and about 500°C.The insulating and dielectric properties were …
Cyclic voltammetry was used to define the potential region for the deposition and dissolution of bismuth on GCEs. Fig. 1 shows a set of cyclic voltammograms for 1 M HNO 3 containing 20 mM Bi 3+ obtained on GCEs at different scan rates. Except for the scan rate of 500 mV/s (a potential range between +500 mV and −500 mV, for the sake of a complete anodic …
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155615 Corpus ID: 272716072; Bismuth nanosheets guided zinc deposition enabled long-life aqueous zinc-based flow batteries @article{Nie2024BismuthNG, title={Bismuth nanosheets guided zinc deposition enabled long-life aqueous zinc-based flow batteries}, author={Yizhe Nie and Huang Chen and Jiajun Wu and Rui Nie and Lihong Yu and …
The SEM image of the cross-section of the Bi film electroplated with 9 mA/cm 2 at 30 °C for 2 min (a) and the deposition rate of Bi films vs. current density (b). To investigate the …
Section snippets Preparation of the substrates. ... Chemical deposition of bismuth(III) selenide involves slow decomposition of selenosulfate in alkaline solution containing soluble complexes of bismuth which allows us to control the Bi 3+ ions concentration. It is well known that the film growth can occur by two distinct mechanisms: ion-by-ion ...
Nafion-modified coatings can enhance the detection performance of bismuth film electrodes (BFEs). In this work, different coatings (graphene sheets (GS), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbon (AC), bismuth (Bi), and bismuth xide (Bi2O3)) were prepared by Nafion-assisted electrophoretic deposition (EPD). For successful EPD in ethanol, 0.1 mM …
In this work, the self-developed polonium self-deposition technology is used to design the technical scheme of 209 Bi(n,γ) 210g Bi cross-section high-precision measurement and the preliminary experimental verification work. The key elements of the experiment are optimized by the intelligent modified response surface analysis algorithm.
Bismuth nanoplatelets are efficient electrocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to formate─a promising renewable energy storage media. Yet, while various promising catalyst supports are acid-sensitive, deposition of Bi …
Request PDF | On Jan 1, 2024, Xiao Pang and others published Numerical Investigation of Impurity Deposition and Filtration Characteristics for Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Cooled System | Find, read and ...
In a sample of parallelogrammatic cross-section whose geometry and orientation was ... The nanowires grew during slow sputtering deposition of high-purity bismuth on a …
Phase-pure epitaxial bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) thin films with a homogeneous mixed-phase structure were synthesized on (001)-oriented lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3, LAO) substrates using chemical solution deposition. The phase development of the BFO thin film and its leakage current characteristics have been systematically investigated as a function of …
Bismuth telluride films with various stoichiometries Bi x Te y have been successfully elaborated by potentiostatic deposition on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate from an acidic solution containing a mixture of different concentrations of Bi 3+ and HTeO 2 + ions. The electrochemical study using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry shows that the …
This paper reports corrosion and deposition data from tests carried out with liquid eutectic lead–bismuth (Pb–55 at.% Bi) filled steel tubes (austenitic and martensitic) under a thermal gradient (500–280 °C) for 3000 h. ... The walls of tubes as 5 cm long pieces (direct view) and the polished samples (cross-section) were observed by ...
Thus, the nucleation rate of bismuth crystals is greater than growth rate during bismuth membrane electro-deposition. As the bismuth concentration further increased to 50 …
It is modified by the introduction of both iodine defects and in-situ bismuth deposition through high-temperature calcination and solvothermal strategy. Notably, the in-situ deposition of bismuth enhances the visible-light absorption ability of BiOI. ... Section snippets Materials. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO 3) 3 ·5H 2 O), Potassium ...
Bismuth, with a rhombohedral structure, has been widely studied for years because it exhibits interesting physical properties, including large magnetoresistance (MR) …
During the deposition process, BiTe stoichiometric formation is obtained from the balance of potential-dependent chemical kinetics for the deposition of both bismuth and …